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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to learner-internal factors CLKs' understanding of the need to be pragmatic and the social ties they could draw on were important. RIs from TS and ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor as the primary reason for their decision to stay clear of criticising a strict prof (see example 2).<br><br>This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on core practical issues, including:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests<br><br>The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages but it also has its drawbacks. The DCT is one example. It does not take into account individual and cultural variations. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before being used for research or evaluation.<br><br>Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a strength. This ability can be used to study the effect of prosody across cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools used for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to examine a variety of issues that include the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choice. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners' speech.<br><br>A recent study used the DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with various scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the options offered. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other data collection methods.<br><br>DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and  [https://meshbookmarks.com/story18344786/what-is-pragmatic-ranking-and-why-is-everyone-speakin-about-it 프라그마틱 무료스핀] based upon the assumptions of test designers. They may not be precise and could misrepresent the way ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further studies of alternative methods of assessing refusal competence.<br><br>In a recent study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and utilized less hints than email data.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study looked at Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate who participated in MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results showed that CLKs often chose to reject native Korean pragmatic norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their ongoing lives as well as their relational affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for  [https://socialimarketing.com/story3734512/expert-advice-on-pragmatic-product-authentication-from-the-age-of-five 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] L2 Korean assessment and teaching.<br><br>First, the MQ data were analysed to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choices of behavior in a given scenario.<br><br>The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to an insufficient understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT circumstances. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14,  [https://bookmarksden.com/story18452385/this-story-behind-pragmatic-recommendations-is-one-that-will-haunt-you-forever 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작] they favored converging to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs showed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders who were independent. The coding process was an iterative process, where the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior.<br><br>Interviews for refusal<br><br>One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners are hesitant to adhere to native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research has attempted to answer this question using several experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.<br><br>The results showed that on average,  [https://thesocialcircles.com/story3867111/10-quick-tips-on-pragmatic-korea 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯] the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even though they could create native-like patterns. In addition, they were aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relational advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic norms of their university.<br><br>However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and punishments that they could face if they flouted their local social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreignersand consider them ignorant. This concern was similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reassess their relevance in specific scenarios and in different cultural contexts. This will allow them to better comprehend how different environments can affect the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is a strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to explore a particular subject. It is a method that makes use of multiple data sources to help support the findings, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of research is useful when analyzing unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.<br><br>The first step in a case study is to define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic must be investigated and which ones can be skipped. It is also useful to read the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject and put the issue in a wider theoretical context.<br><br>This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of the prompts, thereby ignoring precise pragmatic inference. They also exhibited a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further reducing the quality of their responses.<br><br>The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had achieved level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and were aiming to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and perception of the world.<br><br>Interviewees were presented with two scenarios involving an interaction with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and so she was reluctant to inquire about the well-being of her friend with an intense workload despite her belief that native Koreans would do this.